Surrealismen bilder
kunst von WEITER Finden Sie Stock-Fotos zum Thema Surrealismus sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema Surrealismus in höchster Qualität. Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.
Works of Surrealism feature the element of surprise , unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur.
Berühmte Künstler des Surrealismus
However, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost for instance, of the "pure psychic automatism " Breton speaks of in the first Surrealist Manifesto , with the works themselves being secondary, i. At the time, the movement was associated with political causes such as communism and anarchism. It was influenced by the Dada movement of the s.
The term "Surrealism" originated with Guillaume Apollinaire in From the s onward, the movement spread around the globe, impacting the visual arts , literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory. The word surrealism was first coined in March by Guillaume Apollinaire. Apollinaire used the term in his program notes for Sergei Diaghilev 's Ballets Russes , Parade , which premiered 18 May Parade had a one-act scenario by Jean Cocteau and was performed with music by Erik Satie.
Cocteau described the ballet as "realistic". Apollinaire went further, describing Parade as "surrealistic": [ 12 ]. This new alliance—I say new, because until now scenery and costumes were linked only by factitious bonds—has given rise, in Parade , to a kind of surrealism, which I consider to be the point of departure for a whole series of manifestations of the New Spirit that is making itself felt today and that will certainly appeal to our best minds.
We may expect it to bring about profound changes in our arts and manners through universal joyfulness, for it is only natural, after all, that they keep pace with scientific and industrial progress. Apollinaire, [ 13 ]. The term was taken up again by Apollinaire, both as subtitle and in the preface to his play Les Mamelles de Tirésias: Drame surréaliste , [ 14 ] which was written in and first performed in World War I scattered the writers and artists who had been based in Paris, and in the interim, many became involved with Dada, believing that excessive rational thought and bourgeois values had brought the conflict of the war upon the world.
The Dadaists protested with anti-art gatherings, performances, writings and art works. After the war, when they returned to Paris, the Dada activities continued. During the war, André Breton , who had trained in medicine and psychiatry, served in a neurological hospital where he used Sigmund Freud 's psychoanalytic methods with soldiers suffering from shell-shock. Meeting the young writer Jacques Vaché , Breton felt that Vaché was the spiritual son of writer and pataphysics founder Alfred Jarry.
He admired the young writer's anti-social attitude and disdain for established artistic tradition. They began experimenting with automatic writing —spontaneously writing without censoring their thoughts—and published the writings, as well as accounts of dreams, in the magazine. Breton and Soupault continued writing evolving their techniques of automatism and published The Magnetic Fields By October , two rival Surrealist groups had formed to publish a Surrealist Manifesto.
Each claimed to be successors of a revolution launched by Appolinaire. As they developed their philosophy, they believed that Surrealism would advocate the idea that ordinary and depictive expressions are vital and important, but that the sense of their arrangement must be open to the full range of imagination according to the Hegelian Dialectic. They also looked to the Marxist dialectic and the work of such theorists as Walter Benjamin and Herbert Marcuse.
10 surrealistische Gemälde, die Sie kennen sollten
Freud's work with free association, dream analysis, and the unconscious was of utmost importance to the Surrealists in developing methods to liberate imagination. They embraced idiosyncrasy , while rejecting the idea of an underlying madness. As Dalí later proclaimed, "There is only one difference between a madman and me. I am not mad. Beside the use of dream analysis, they emphasized that "one could combine inside the same frame, elements not normally found together to produce illogical and startling effects.
The group aimed to revolutionize human experience, in its personal, cultural, social, and political aspects. They wanted to free people from false rationality, and restrictive customs and structures. Breton proclaimed that the true aim of Surrealism was "long live the social revolution, and it alone!
In , two Surrealist factions declared their philosophy in two separate Surrealist Manifestos. That same year the Bureau of Surrealist Research was established and began publishing the journal La Révolution surréaliste. Leading up to , two rival surrealist groups had formed. Each group claimed to be successors of a revolution launched by Apollinaire. Yvan Goll published the Manifeste du surréalisme , 1 October , in his first and only issue of Surréalisme [ 24 ] two weeks prior to the release of Breton's Manifeste du surréalisme , published by Éditions du Sagittaire, 15 October Goll and Breton clashed openly, at one point literally fighting, at the Comédie des Champs-Élysées, [ 25 ] over the rights to the term Surrealism.
In the end, Breton won the battle through tactical and numerical superiority. Breton's Surrealist Manifesto defines the purposes of Surrealism.